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NR 1-3/2005
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Galen z Pergamonu
(130-200 r.) – poglądy w dziedzinie okulistyki. Część II – opis
anatomii oka
Galen from Pergamon (130-200
years) – Views in ophthalmology. Part II – anatomy description
of the eye
Lech Bieganowski
Z Oddziału Okulistycznego Wojewódzkiego Szpitala Zespolonego im.
Ludwika Rydygiera w Toruniu
Ordynator: dr hab. n. med. Lech Bieganowski |
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| Summary: |
The article presents
Galen’s views on the anatomy of the eye. He believed
that the eye was composed of membranes and fluids. He
distinguished the following membranes of the eye: the
cornea, the sclera, the choroid, the capsula of the lens
and the retina, as well as the structure covering the
muscles of the eye and joining the individual elements
of the eye with the orbital cavity and the skull (i. e.
the bulbar conjunctiva and Tenon’s capsula). The
following were considered as fluid substances of the eye:
egg – shaped fluid (i. e. albuminous fluid), crystal
fluid (i. e. the lens) and vitreous fluid. The article
also outlines his theory of vision. It assumes the
existence of a specific life force called pneuma which
is under a considerable influence of the soul and which
reaches the eye from the brain through small channels in
the optic nerve. Due to this element the eye was
supposed to have the vision ability located in the lens
which was the most important part of the eye receiving
the vision sensations. |
| Słowa kluczowe: |
Galen, starożytność,
medycyna, historia okulistyki, anatomia oka. |
| Key words: |
Galen, antiquity, medicine,
history of ophthalmology, anatomy of the eye. |
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