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NR 4-6/2009
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Mechanizmy
oksydacyjne w patogenezie zwyrodnienia plamki związanego z
wiekiem
Role of oxidative mechanisms
in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
Katarzyna Janik-Papis1,
Magdalena Ulińska2, Anna Krzyżanowska1,
Ewelina Stoczyńska1, Anna I. Borucka2,
Katarzyna Woźniak1, Małgorzata Zaraś2,
Jacek P. Szaflik2, Janusz Błasiak1
1 Z Katedry Genetyki Molekularnej Uniwersytetu
Łódzkiego
Kierownik: prof. dr hab. Janusz Błasiak
2 Z Katedry i Kliniki Okulistyki II Wydziału
Lekarskiego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego
Z Samodzielnego Publicznego Klinicznego Szpitala
Okulistycznego w Warszawie
Kierownik: prof. dr. hab. n. med. Jerzy Szaflik |
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| Summary: |
Oxidative stress is a
major factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular
degeneration (AMD). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)
cells are prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising
during the stress due to intense oxygen metabolism and a
high oxygen pressure. Additionally, the cells can be
exposed to ROS as a consequence of accumulation of iron
ions in these cells, sunlight exposure and tobacco smoke.
There are several defense systems against RTF in the
cell, including antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular
weight antioxidants and DNA repair pathways. RPE cells
display phagocytic activity towards outer segments of
photoreceptors and this activity can be associated with
additional oxidative stress since the segments are rich
in long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The
oxidation of PUFA leads to the production of additional
ROS. Moreover, oxidized PUFA are not correctly cleaved
in the lysosomes of RPE and are accumulated in the form
of lipofuscin, which is deposited in Bruch’s membrane in
the form of drusen and in this way it stimulates immune
responses, including phagocytosis, associated with the
recruiting of macrophages and dendritic cells. In this
time, RPE cells are exposed to ROS, produced in oxygen
burst associated with phagocytosis. Further studies,
both clinical/epidemiological and in vitro, are needed
to better understand relationship between AMD and
oxidative stress. |
| Słowa kluczowe: |
zwyrodnienie plamki
związane z wiekiem, AMD, stres oksydacyjny,
antyoksydanty, naprawa DNA. |
| Key words: |
age-related macular
degeneration, AMD, oxidative stress, antioxidants, DNA
repair. |
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